Internal-combustion engine



N. E. DAVIES.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 5. 1920,

1,383,536, Patented July 5, 1921.

4 SHEETSSHEET l.

INVEN TOR.

ATTORNEY.

N. E. DAVIES.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APIL5, I920.

Patented July 5, 1921.

4 SHEETS--SHEET 2- IIIII II I 5,525.55 5539521516115 1 4 5 I. I 2 y I n, J 2 I ATTORNEY.

N. E. DAVIES.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE- APPLICATION FILED APR. 5. 1920.

.1 83,536. Patented Jill 5, 1921.

4- SHEETS-SHEET 3- INVEN TOR.

A TTORNE Y.

N. E. DAVIES lNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 5, 1-920.

Patented July 5, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' NELSON E. DAVIES, OF REDWOOD CITY, CALIFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGIJST E.

Application filed April 5,

To (ZZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, Nn soN E. DAVIES, a citizen of the United States, residin at Redwood City, in the county of San Mateo and State of California, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and has for its object to pro-- duce an apparatus of this character which will be simple in construction, comparatively inexpensive to manufacture, and more eflicient in action than those heretofore proposed.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in the novel details of construction and combinations of parts more fully hereinafter disclosed and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in which like numerals designate like parts in all the views Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of one form of engine made in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a central vertical sectional view taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 is a view taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view, taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows; and

Fig. 5 is an. enlarged sectional elevational view of a portion of the exhaust valve actuating mechanism, shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

1 indicates the crank case, which preferably comprises a lower member 2, provided with the lubricating oil well or sump 3, having an inlet or filling means 4, and an outlet pipe 5. Secured to the said member 2 is theupper crank case member 6, having the feet 7, see Fig. 2, by means of which the machine may be secured to any suitable support, not shown. The said member 6 is provided with the intake opening 8, controlled by a suitable check valve 9, carried by the connection 10, leading from the carburetor 11, see Fig. 2. The said connection 10.is also provided with a butterfly valve Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 5, 1921.

1920. Serial No. 371,318.

12, pivoted as at 120, and adapted to be controlled by means of the rod 13, whereby the amount of gas fedto the crank case, and consequently the speed and power of the engine, may be governed in the usual manner.

Rigidly secured to the upper crank case member 6 is the cylinder member 15, providing a lower cylinder 16, of suitable diameter, and an upper cylinder 17 of a somewhat lesser diameter, as will be clear from Figs. 2 and 3. Slidably mounted within the said cylinder 16 is a cup-shaped piston 18, having the usual packing rings 19 adapted to form a tight joint between the side walls of the said piston and the walls of the cylinder 16; the said piston is further provided in its lower wall or head 20 with a plurality of spring controlled valves 21, adapted to admit the explosive mixture from the crank case 1 to the portion of the said cylinder 16, above the piston 18, as will more fully appear below.

Integral with the said piston 18, or rigidly connected thereto is a second piston 22 of a relatively smaller diameter, and adapted to work in the smaller cylinder 17. This said piston 22 is of necessity somewhat longer than the piston 18, and carries at or near its upper end the packing rings 23, forming a tight joint between its side walls and the walls of the cylinder 17, in the well known manner. Said piston 22 is provided with the head 24 carrying the spring controlled valves 25, and on the inside of the said piston are located the heat radiating fins 26. 27 represents the crank shaft, 28 the crank, and 29 the crank connection to the wrist pin 30 carried by the piston 22.

Rigid with the crank 27, as best shown in Fig. 3, is the bevel gear 31 in mesh with the bevel gear 32, rigid with the vertically disposed rod 33 carrying the bevel gear 34, meshing with the bevel gear 35 rigid with the cam shaft 36, on which is mounted the cam 37, contacting with the rollers 38 and 39, respectively mounted on the hardened steel pins or studs 40 and 41, carried by the valve lifting bracket 42.

Said bracket 42 is made in two halves and each half in two pieces, as indicated; these halves are held together by the pins 40 and 41, and are provided at their lower outer extremities with the lifting arm 43 and 44 to each of which are connected a pair of valve lifting rods 45.

A standard 70 supports the cam 37 and shaft 36, and guide rollers 71, mounted on the pins 40 and 41 move in the slots 7 2' with which said standard is provided, all as will be clear.

bores as shown. Into the upwardly extend-' ing bores reciprocate the lower ends of a pair of rods passing through the bosses 49 and controlling the valves 56. Springs 55 surround this pair of valve rods and serve to return the valves 56 after. they have been.

opened. In the lower bores of the members 48 V reciprocate the ends of the valve rods which pass through the bosses and control the valves 57. Springs 60 surround these last mentioned rodsand serve to close said valves 57 after they have been opened.

The gear 31 also meshes with the bevel gear 66, rigid with the bevel gear 67, meshing with the bevel gear 68, and carried by shaft 69, operating the oil pump 75 fed by pipe 5 from the oil supply or sump 3'. From pump 75 oil is forced through pipe 76 past the controlling valve 77, through pipe 78 into the channels 79 of the bearings of shaft27, and through the channel '80 of the connecting rod 29 into the wrist pin 30, and through the channels 81, 82, into the packing rmg spaces '19 and 23.

Rigid with the gear 68 is shaft 83 operating water pump 84, drawing its supply through ,pipe. 85, controlled by val ve rod 86, and forcing Water through pipe '87 to the water. spaces 88. 89 represents a helically disposed partition as best shown in Fig.1, which provides an easy ascending path for the water in the spaces 88. 90 indicates a power pulley, and 91 and 92 spark igniters.

The operation of this improved internal combustion engine Wlll be readily understood from the foregoing but may be briefly summarized as follows: 7

A suitable fuel mixture being drawn in through the pipe 10 past the throttle valve 12, and against the pressure of the spring controlled valve 9, it will enter the crankcasing, and upon the descent of the piston 18 will be compressed in said casing. The underneath compression area of the piston 18 is equal to the combined compression areas 'on the piston heads 20 and 24 as shown in Fig. 3, producing twice the volumetric crank case dlsplacement'thereby superoh arg'- ing upper and lower firing. chambers 17 and 95 on a downward stroke ofpiston 18or22.

The pressure of the gas in the crank casing will causethe same to exert pressure upon the upper set of valves 25 in the piston head .24, and to fill the cylinder 17 above said head 24 with a gaseous mixture suitable for firing. V

The piston will descend until the crank pin 28 reaches its lowermost position, whereupon it will ascend and compress the gas delivered above the piston head 24 in the cylinder 17, the valves 25 b eing automatically closed upon the upward stroke, Said compression will continue until the crank 28 reaches its highest position, whereupon the parts are so timed that the mixture will be exploded. Upon the explosion of said gas above the piston head 24, the piston .18 will begin its downward stroke, it having on its upward stroke sucked ininore fuel past the valve 9, and filled the crank case therewith. Upon' said downward stroke,

a compression of the charge in the crank casewill take place, as just described, but in the meantime, a partial vacuum will have been created in the space 95 above the piston 18, and a portion of the compressed gas will pass the'valves 21 and fill said space.

'The piston 18 will continue to descend as before, until the crank pin 28 reaches its lowermost position whereupon the said pis-' ton'18 will begin its upward stroke. As it now continues said upward stroke, the valves I 21 will close and the gaseous mixture in. the space will be compressed. The compression will continue until the 'crank pin 28 reaches. its uppermost position, whereupon the parts are so timed thatthe fuel in the chamber. 95 will be exploded-and the piston 18 will again :be forced downwardly. I

But as the piston ascended'during the last described motion, its head 24 was raised,

and forced 'the burned gases out of the cyliuder above said head, and past thevalves 56. These said valves in order to permit the passage of SEtlCl" burned gases were opened as follows ':As Wlll be clearfrom -Figs. 1 and 3, the cam 37, on the shaft 36, lifted on the upstroke of the piston, the rods 45 which through the members 48 liftedthe upper setofvalve rods againstthecompression of their springs 55,;and thus opened the exhaust-passages 58 and 63 to the escape of the said burned gases, In the sam'e way, when the piston 18- ascended after its first downward motion, the cam 37' depressed said pairs of rods 45, which, .through the members 48 depressed the 'lowerset of 'valve' rods against the compression .of their springs 60, and thus opened the valves 57 to the escape. of the burned gasesfrom the chamber 95 into the passages'59 and '64, all as'will be clear from the drawings.

It will thusbe seen that by the provision of the mechanism above described, I am enabled to explode a fuel mixture on each stroke of the piston and therefore, to .provide a four cycle, or four stroke engine, which is of a simple and compact construction, and in which the cylinders, pistons, and crank case in combination with the valve action and timing arrangements develop an eflicient operation, with a very wide and flexible range of power.

In other words, while the fuel mixture is being drawn into the crank case, the piston is traveling upward and is, at the same time, compressing a charge in one or the other of the firing, or combustion chambers 17 or 95.

It is also simultaneously exhausting from one of the firing chambers through two large exhaust valves which open simultaneously. On the down stroke of the piston, it will be seen the charge first drawn into the crank case is compressed, and at the same time, that the firing chamber wvhich has been cleared of its exhaust gas is now producing a suction, which relieves the pressure over the inlet valves in the piston, at one end of that particular firing chamber.

The crank case compression may be regulated by varying the volume of combustiblemixture which passes through the automatic valve 9 into the crank case and this in turn is regulated by means of the throttle valve 12. It will further be seen that the firing order of a singlecylinder engine of this type produces .an impulse for each revolution of the crank shaft; for a two cylinder engine it will produce two impulses for each revolution of the crank shaft; and for a three cylinder engine it will produce three impulses, and so on.

It will be seen, therefore, that this engine gives twice the impulses of the present four cycle engine, and of course, delivers a corresponding amount of energy. After the vaporized mixture enters the crank case, and is compressed, it is forced up through the hollow piston into contact with the heat radiating fins of the inside walls of said piston, and the heat energy from these fins expands and volatilizes the gaseous mixture as it passes through the piston, thus increasing the efliciency of the engine and making it easier to utilize low grade fuels. The engine may be lubricated throughout by the forced feed system above described. The cylinders are waterjacketed, as shown, the water being pumped from the bottom of any convenient radiator, not shown, to the bottom of the cylinders and up through the spiral passages 83, around the cylinders,

and from the water jackets at the top of the cylinders through the pipe 100, back to the top ofsaid radiator, not shown. I thus produce an even cooling effect on the cylinder walls.

It is obvious that those skilled in the art may vary the details of the construction, as well as the arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit of the invention, and therefore, I do not wish to be limited to the above disclosure except as may be required by the claims.

What I claim is 1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a supercharging fuel supply; a cylinder; a hollow reciprocating pis ton in said cylinder provided with heat radiating pins on its interior; means for admit ting fuel in said cylinder on one stroke of said piston and compressing said fuel on the return stroke; means for passing a portion of said fuel during the compressing action through said hollow piston over said pins and into said cylinder beyond said piston and compressing said portion of fuel during the succeeding third stroke of said piston; and means for firing said portion of fuel at the completion of said third stroke, a pair of exhaust passages leading from said cylinder; a pair of valves controlling said exhaust passages; and a rotating cam and connections controlling said valves; substantially as described.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a pair of cylinders; a pair of pistons provided with heat radiating fins on their interiors with which the fuel is adapted to contact moving in unison in said cylinders; means for admitting fuel into one cylinder on the up stroke of said pistons; means comprising a rotating cam and a plurality of valve lifting members associated therewith to open a plurality of exhaust passages from one of said cylinders on said up stroke; means to compress said admitted fuel on the down stroke of said pistons; means to close said exhaust passages on said down stroke; means to admit a portion of said compressed fuel into one of said cylinders during the compression action and to compress and fire said portion during the succeeding return stroke, substantially as described.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an upper and a lower cylinder; an upper and a lower piston operating in said cylinders and each provided with heat radiating fins with which the fuel is adapted to contact; means to admit fuel and to compress it in said lower cylinder; means to admit a portion of said fuel into said upper cylinder during the compressing actlon; means to compress said portion of fuel in said upper cylinder and to fire the same; means to admit fuel into said lower cylinder after the firing operation; and means comprising a plurality of spring pressed valve rods to open the exhaust passages from said upper cylinder after the admission of said fuel into said lower cylinder, substantially as described.

4. In an internal combustion engine, thecombination of a piston having heat radiating fins on its lnterlor; a cyhnder in which said piston moves and providing a compression space on one side and a firing spaceon the other side of sand piston; exhaust pas sages leading from said firingspace; valves controlling-said exhaust passages; spring controlled rods governing said valves; a second piston; a second cylinder for said piston providing a compression spaceron one side and a firing space on the other side of said piston; valved exhaust passages leading from said second named firing space; means to admit fuel into both of said compression spaces on one stroke of said pistons; means torcompress said fuel and admit a portion thereof into one of said firing spaces on the succeeding stroke of said pistons; means to compress and fire said fuel portion on the next or second stroke of said pistons while admitting additional fuel into said compression spaces; means comprising a rotating cam to open the valves controlling the exhaust from the space in which said fuel Was fired at the end of the succeeding or third stroke of said piston; means to admit a portion of said additional fuel into said other firing space during said third stroke and to compress and fire said last mentioned portion offuel during thenext or fourth stroke of said pistons; and means to open the valves controlling the exhaust passages associated with said last named firing space at the end of the next stroke of said pistons; substantially as described.

7 5. Iii-"an internalfcombustion" engine, the combination "of 'a" crank casing; a pair of cylindersassociated With said; casing a pair of liollow pistons having heat radiating fins on their interiors-and moving in said cylinders having compression chambers on one side thereof and explosion chambers on the other side thereof; exhaust passages controlling each of said explosion chambers; valves controlling sa d exhaust passages;

and'automaticmeans comprising a rotating cam and spring controlled 'valve rods for opening said valves to scavenge said firing chambers substantially as described;

6. In an internal combustion engine'the combination of a plurality of cylinders of "different sizes; hollowpistons having valve controlled passages through their heads op-' said rods; a cam having a shaft provided with a gear for-reciprocating saidbracket;

a: rod having a gear meshing with said first named-gear; and gear connections for rotating said rod from themain shaftof the engine, substantiallyas describedi ln'testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

NELSON E. Dav es. 

